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Skin cancer is a condition where cells in the skin grow in an uncontrolled way, forming tumors. There are several types, including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which start in different layers of the skin, and melanoma, which begins in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Melanoma is less common but more likely to spread and cause serious health problems. Skin cancer most often appears on areas exposed to the sun, like the face, neck, hands, and arms.
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. While many types can be treated successfully, especially when found early, some forms like melanoma can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Protecting your skin from ultraviolet (UV) rays—found in sunlight and tanning beds—is important because UV exposure damages skin cells and increases cancer risk. Understanding skin cancer helps you recognize warning signs and take steps to prevent it.
Skin cancer can look like new or changing spots, moles, or growths on the skin. Melanoma may appear as a mole that changes in size, shape, or color, often showing uneven colors like black, brown, or tan. Basal and squamous cell cancers may look like scaly patches, open sores, or raised bumps. It’s important to check your skin regularly and report any new or changing marks to your healthcare provider.
Doctors diagnose skin cancer by examining the skin and often taking a small sample (biopsy) for testing. Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer and may include surgery to remove the cancer, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or newer treatments like biologic or targeted therapies. Early treatment usually leads to better outcomes. Regular skin checks and follow-up care are important parts of managing skin cancer.
If skin cancer is mentioned in your care, ask what type it is, how advanced it might be, and what treatment options are recommended. You can also ask about ways to protect your skin, how to monitor for changes, and what side effects to expect from treatment. Understanding your diagnosis and care plan helps you feel more in control and supported.
The word “skin cancer” can appear in many places, such as medical reports, treatment plans, or educational materials. It’s important to ask your healthcare team what it means for you personally, rather than assuming the same risks or treatments apply to everyone. Skin cancer varies widely in type and severity, so personalized information is key.
This information is meant to help you understand skin cancer but does not replace medical advice. If you have concerns about your skin or a diagnosis, the best next step is to talk openly with your doctor or care team. They can explain what skin cancer means in your situation and guide you through prevention, diagnosis, or treatment as needed.
Public source information used for this glossary entry includes: